A CCTV system is only useful if it records what matters, in enough detail, and you can get to the footage when you need it. Many disappointing systems fail on planning, not on the quality of the cameras. This guide takes you through the decisions in the order that makes them easier.
Step 1: Start with your risks, not the cameras
Walk the property and note where problems could happen: gates, doors, windows, car parks, cash points, storerooms, perimeters and blind corners. Decide what you want the cameras to do:
- Deter people by being visible.
- Record events so you can review them.
- Identify faces or number plates, which needs closer, higher-quality views.
- Monitor areas in real time.
Each goal changes where cameras go and what kind you need.
Step 2: Choose the camera type
- Fixed cameras watch one area and are the most common and dependable.
- Dome cameras are discreet and harder to tamper with.
- Bullet cameras are visible deterrents that suit outdoor use.
- PTZ cameras can pan, tilt and zoom, useful for large areas, though they only watch one place at a time.
Consider night vision, weather resistance for outdoor cameras and a resolution that is good enough for your purpose. More megapixels give more detail but need more storage.
Step 3: DVR or NVR
The recorder is the heart of the system.
| DVR | NVR | |
|---|---|---|
| Works with | Analogue-style cameras on coaxial cable | Network (IP) cameras on network cable |
| Typical strengths | Simple and often economical for upgrades | Higher detail and flexible layouts |
| Good for | Replacing or extending older systems | New installations and larger sites |
The right choice depends on your property, your budget and whether you already have cabling in place. A survey makes this clear.
Step 4: Plan camera positions
Position matters more than quantity.
- Cover entrances and exits first.
- Mount cameras high enough to be out of easy reach, but low enough to see faces.
- Avoid pointing cameras straight at the sun or bright lights, which wash out the picture.
- Check for glare, reflections and trees that will move in the wind and trigger false alerts.
- Make sure the view is not blocked by doors that open or objects that get moved.
Step 5: Think about storage
Storage decides how many days of footage you can keep. It depends on the number of cameras, the resolution, whether you record all the time or only on motion, and the size of the drive. Decide how long you need to keep footage, then size the storage to match. Plan to check the drive from time to time, because recording only helps if the drive is healthy.
Step 6: Set up remote viewing
Many people want to check in from a phone. Remote viewing needs a reliable internet connection and secure settings.
- Use strong, unique passwords and change the defaults.
- Keep the recorder's software updated.
- Do not expose the system to the internet without proper protection.
- Check that the connection has enough upload speed for the cameras you want to see.
Step 7: Power and cabling
Neat, protected cabling prevents faults. Cables should be routed away from damage, sealed where they pass through walls and clearly labelled. For network cameras, a single cable can carry power and data, which keeps installation tidy. Consider backup power so recording continues through short outages.
Privacy and the law
Rules about recording people differ by country and by place. Check what applies to you before you install, especially for cameras covering public areas, neighbours' property or staff areas. Signs that tell people they are being recorded are good practice where you operate.
Installation and upkeep
A well-planned installation includes camera layout, mounting, cabling, recorder setup, storage, remote viewing and a walk-through so you know how to use it. After installation, routine checks keep it working: cleaning lenses, checking angles, testing recordings and confirming storage. See our CCTV installation service and hardware servicing.
Frequently asked questions
How many cameras do I need?
It depends on the layout and your goals. Start by covering entrances, exits and high-risk areas, then add more where there are blind spots.
Can I watch my cameras from my phone?
Yes, if the system is set up for remote viewing and has a reliable internet connection. It should be configured securely.
How long should I keep recordings?
Decide based on how quickly you would notice a problem. Many people keep a few weeks of footage, but it depends on your needs and the storage you have.
Do CCTV cameras work at night?
Most have night vision, but quality varies. Check the night performance of the cameras for the areas you care about most.